Ecosystem stations provide primarily data on turbulent fluxes of greenhouse gases and energy. In addition, a wide range of meteorological parameters in the air and the soil are measured. Furthermore, data on other ecosystem parameters are collected periodically. ICOS Sweden operates six Ecosystem stations:
Hyltemossa, Mycklemossen, Norunda, Degerö, Svartberget, and Abisko-Stordalen. 

The agricultural site Lanna was part of ICOS Sweden until the end of 2020. Data from the period 2014 to 2020 is available on the ICOS Carbon Portal.
 

Station characteristics Continuous measurements Periodic measurements
Station characteristics of the ICOS Sweden Ecosystem stations.
Ecosystem stations Hyltemossa (SE-Htm) Norunda (SE-Nor) Svartberget (SE-Svb) Mycklemossen (SE-Myc) Degerö (SE-Deg) Abisko-Stordalen palsa bog (SE-Sto)
ecosystem type forest forest forest mire mire palsa mire
coordinates 56°06'N, 13°25'E 60°05'N, 17°29'E 64°10'N, 19°47'E 58°37′N, 12°17′E 64°11′N, 19°33′E 68°21′N, 19°03′E
height a.s.l. 115 m 46 m 270 m 81 m 270 m 360 m
climate zone (Köppen classification) marine west-coast (Cfb) humid continental (Dfb) sub-arctic (Dfc) marine west-coast (Cfb) sub-arctic (Dfc) sub-arctic (Dfc)
biome temperate hemiboreal boreal hemiboreal boreal tundra
dominating species Picea abies clear cut in 2022 Pinus sylvestris,Picea abies   bog mosses: Sphagnum balticum,Sphagnum majus,Sphagnum Lindbergii Sphagnum
mean tree height 19 m   19 m - - -
stand age 35 yrs clear-cut in 2022 100 yrs - - -
understorey and ground vegetation mosses -     cottongrass, dwarf-hrubs: cranberry, bog-rosemary, deergrass crowberry, lingonberry, cloudberry, sedges, cottongrass
List of continuous measurements at the ICOS Sweden Ecosystem stations. The measurements listed here are those according to the ICOS Ecosystem station protocols; please, check the individual station pages for information on additional measurements. (*) measurement height after clear-cut still under dicussion
Ecosystem stations Hyltemossa (SE-Htm) Norunda (SE-Nor) Svartberget (SE-Svb) Mycklemossen (SE-Myc) Degerö (SE-Deg) Abisko-Stordalen palsa bog (SE-Sto)
ecosystem type forest forest forest mire mire palsa mire
Continuous measurements
turbulent fluxes CO2, H2O 27 m 12 m 34.5 m 2.2 m 3.0 m 2.2 m
CH4 - - - 2.2 m 3.0 m 2.2 m
momentum 27 m 12 m 34.5 m 2.2 m 3.0 m 2.2 m
sensible heat 27 m 12 m 34.5 m 2.2 m 3.0 m 2.2 m
latent heat 27 m 12 m 34.5 m 2.2 m 3.0 m 2.2 m
radiative fluxes net radiation components 50 m 55 m 50 m 3 m 4 m 2.7 m
in- and outgoing PAR 50 m 55 m 50 m 2.2 m 3.0 m 2.2 m
below canopy PAR 5 x 4 - 5 x 3 - - -
soil fluxes soil heat flux 4 x -0.05 m 4 x -0.05 m 4 x -0.05 m 4 x -0.05 m 5 x -0.05 m 4 x -0.05 m
state variables air temperature profile 14 levels 14 levels 14 levels 5 levels 5 levels 5 levels
CO2, H2O profile 14 levels 14 levels 14 levels 5 levels 5 levels 5 levels
CH4 profile - - - 5 levels - 5 levels
relative humidity 24 m, 27 m 37* m, 29* m 32.5 m 2.2 m 2.0 m, 2.2 m 2.5 m
wind speed/direction 30 m 12 m 34.5 m 2.2 m 3.0 m 2.2 m
air pressure 3.5 m 1.5 m 2 m 1 m 1.2 m 1.6 m
soil temperature profile 4 x 5 4 x 5 4 x 5 4 x 7 5 x 6 4 x 5
soil moisture profile 4 x 5 2 x 5 4 x 5 4 5 2 x 6
ground water level 4 2 2 4 5 4
snow depth 1 2 1 1 2 1
precipitation 2 2 2 2 3 2
tree trunk temperature (Swedish Network data) 4 x 4 x 3 - 4 x 4 x 3 - - -
canopy IR temperature (Swedish Network data) 50 m 55 m 50 m 3 m 4 m 2.7 m
mire surface height - - - 2 m 2 m -

List of periodical measurements at the ICOS Sweden Ecosystem stations. The measurements listed here are those according to the ICOS Ecosystem station protocols; please, check the individual station pages for information on additional measurements. Processed data is available in the ICOSETC_SE-Xyz_ANCILLARY* datafile which is part of the level 2 archive (ICOSETC_SE-Xyz_ARCHIVE*_L2.zip).  (*) measurement height after clear-cut still under dicussion
Ecosystem stations Hyltemossa (SE-Htm) Norunda (SE-Nor) Svartberget (SE-Svb) Mycklemossen (SE-Myc) Degerö (SE-Deg) Abisko-Stordalen palsa bog (SE-Sto)
ecosystem type forest forest forest mire mire palsa mire
periodic measurements
soil soil carbon stocks 1 / 10 years 1 / 10 years 1 / 10 years 1 / 10 years 1 / 10 years 1 / 10 years
trees LAI (hemispherical pictures) 6/year; from 2024: 2/year - 6/year; from 2024: 2/year - - -
above ground biomass (AGB) 1 / 3 years 1* / 3 years 1 / 3 years - - -
nutrient analysis and leaf mass area (foliar sampling) 2 samples x 15 trees/year - 2 samples x 15 trees/year - - -
herbaceous plants and dwarf shrubs GAI - - - 1-2/month 1-2/month 1-2/month
non-woody AGB 1/year 1*/year 1/year 1-2/month 1-2/month 1-2/month
woody AGB 1/year 1*/year 1/year 2/year 1-2/month 2/year
nutrient analysis and leaf mass area (foliar sampling) - - - 1/year 1/year 1/year
litter litter biomass 1-2/month - 1/month - - -
woody debris 1/year - 1/year - - -
mosses GA (percentage cover) - - - 2/year 2/year 2/year
NPP (yearly net change in biomass) - - - 1/year 1/year 1/year
AGB 1/year - 1/year - - -